Hydrangeas are a gardener’s delight, with their lush blooms and vibrant colors adding a touch of elegance to any landscape.
However, many hydrangea enthusiasts make common mistakes that can prevent these beautiful plants from reaching their full potential.
Don’t worry – we’re here to help!
In this article, we’ll uncover nine shocking hydrangea growing mistakes you’re probably making and, more importantly, how to fix them.
1. Planting in the Wrong Location
One of the most common mistakes gardeners make is planting hydrangeas in the wrong location.
Hydrangeas need a specific balance of sunlight and shade to thrive.
Most hydrangea varieties prefer morning sun and afternoon shade.
Too much direct sunlight can scorch their leaves and cause the flowers to wilt, while too much shade can lead to fewer blooms.
Why is this a problem?
- Sun Scorch: When hydrangeas are exposed to intense afternoon sunlight, their delicate leaves can burn. This results in unsightly brown spots and crispy edges, making the plant look stressed and unhealthy. Sun-scorched plants also have reduced photosynthetic activity, which can stunt growth and lower overall vitality.
- Reduced Blooming: Hydrangeas that do not receive enough sunlight may grow lush and green, but they often produce fewer flowers. Flowers need sunlight to develop, and insufficient light can lead to disappointing displays with more foliage than blooms.
Fix It:
- Assess Sunlight: Spend a day observing the planting area. Note how much direct sunlight it receives in the morning versus the afternoon.
- Choose the Right Spot: Aim for a location that gets at least 4-6 hours of sunlight, preferably in the morning, with shade in the afternoon. An eastern exposure is often ideal.
- Adjust as Needed: If your hydrangea is already planted, consider transplanting it to a more suitable location during its dormant period in late fall or early spring. When transplanting, water thoroughly to help the plant settle into its new home.
2. Incorrect Watering Practices
Hydrangeas have specific watering needs, and improper watering is a frequent issue.
Overwatering can lead to root rot, while underwatering can cause the plants to become stressed and produce fewer blooms.
Why is this a problem?
- Root Rot: Hydrangeas are prone to root rot if their roots sit in waterlogged soil for extended periods. Root rot is a fungal disease that causes the roots to decay and turn mushy, ultimately leading to plant death. Symptoms include wilting leaves, yellowing foliage, and stunted growth despite adequate watering.
- Drought Stress: On the flip side, underwatering hydrangeas can lead to severe stress. These plants have high water demands, and insufficient moisture can cause leaves to wilt, turn brown, and drop prematurely. Drought-stressed hydrangeas are also less likely to produce abundant blooms, and the flowers that do appear may be smaller and less vibrant.
Fix It:
- Water Consistently: Hydrate your hydrangeas deeply once or twice a week, depending on weather conditions. Ensure the soil remains moist but not waterlogged. Watering in the early morning helps reduce evaporation and allows the plant to absorb moisture before the heat of the day.
- Mulch to Retain Moisture: Apply a 2-3 inch layer of organic mulch (like wood chips or straw) around the base of the plants to help retain moisture and regulate soil temperature. Mulch also helps suppress weeds, which can compete with your hydrangeas for water.
- Check Soil Moisture: Stick your finger about an inch into the soil. If it feels dry, it’s time to water. Using a moisture meter can also help you accurately gauge soil moisture levels.
3. Ignoring Soil pH Levels
Soil pH can significantly impact the color and health of your hydrangeas.
For instance, the color of Hydrangea macrophylla blooms can change based on the soil’s acidity.
Blue flowers appear in acidic soil (pH 5.2-5.5), while pink flowers bloom in neutral to alkaline soil (pH 6.0-6.2).
Why is this a problem?
- Color Dissatisfaction: Many gardeners are surprised and disappointed when their hydrangeas bloom in an unexpected color. Without understanding the role of soil pH, you might wonder why your once-blue hydrangeas have turned pink, or vice versa.
- Poor Plant Health: Soil pH also affects the availability of nutrients to the plant. If the pH is too far from the optimal range for hydrangeas, they may struggle to absorb essential nutrients, leading to poor growth and weak flowering. For instance, iron and magnesium deficiencies can occur in overly alkaline soils, causing yellowing leaves and reduced vigor.
Fix It:
- Test Your Soil: Use a soil pH test kit to determine the acidity or alkalinity of your soil.
- Adjust pH Levels: To lower the pH and encourage blue flowers, add aluminum sulfate or sulfur. To raise the pH and promote pink flowers, add lime. Follow the instructions on the product for best results.
- Monitor Regularly: Retest your soil periodically to maintain the desired pH level.
4. Overlooking Pruning Requirements
Pruning hydrangeas incorrectly or at the wrong time can lead to fewer blooms or none at all.
Different hydrangea types have specific pruning needs, and it’s essential to know which type you have.
Why is this a problem?
- Wrong Timing: Pruning at the wrong time can remove the flower buds that were set for the next blooming season. For example, Hydrangea macrophylla and Hydrangea quercifolia bloom on old wood (last year’s growth). If you prune these types in late winter or early spring, you might inadvertently cut off the developing flower buds.
- Incorrect Technique: Over-pruning or using improper pruning methods can stress the plant and hinder its ability to produce new growth and flowers. Cutting too much can leave the plant vulnerable to diseases and pests, while not pruning enough can lead to a tangled, unruly growth habit.
Fix It:
- Identify Your Hydrangea Type: Determine whether your hydrangea blooms on old wood (last year’s growth) or new wood (current year’s growth).
- Old Wood Bloomers: Prune right after they finish blooming. Examples include Hydrangea macrophylla and Hydrangea quercifolia.
- New Wood Bloomers: Prune in late winter or early spring before new growth starts. Examples include Hydrangea paniculata and Hydrangea arborescens.
- Prune Correctly: Remove dead or weak stems and shape the plant to improve air circulation and encourage healthy growth.
5. Failing to Fertilize Properly
Hydrangeas require specific nutrients to thrive, and failing to fertilize them properly can result in weak growth and poor blooming.
Over-fertilizing can also cause problems, such as lush foliage with few flowers.
Why is this a problem?
- Nutrient Deficiency: Without adequate nutrients, hydrangeas may struggle to grow and bloom. They require nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as trace elements like iron and magnesium, to produce healthy leaves and vibrant flowers.
- Excessive Foliage Growth: Over-fertilizing, particularly with high-nitrogen fertilizers, can result in abundant leaf growth at the expense of flower production. This lush, green foliage might look healthy, but it won’t give you the beautiful blooms you’re after.
Fix It:
- Use the Right Fertilizer: Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer designed for flowering shrubs. Look for a formula with equal parts nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (e.g., 10-10-10).
- Timing is Key: Fertilize in early spring as new growth begins and again in mid-summer if needed. Avoid late-season fertilization, which can stimulate new growth susceptible to frost damage.
- Follow Instructions: Apply the fertilizer according to the package instructions to avoid over-fertilizing.
6. Neglecting Winter Protection
Hydrangeas can be sensitive to extreme winter conditions, especially varieties that bloom on old wood.
Neglecting to protect your plants during harsh winters can result in damaged buds and fewer blooms in the spring.
Why is this a problem?
- Frost Damage: Winter frosts can kill the flower buds on old wood bloomers, reducing or eliminating blooms for the following spring. This is particularly problematic in regions with harsh winters and unpredictable temperature fluctuations.
- Root Damage: Extremely cold temperatures can damage the root systems of hydrangeas, especially if the ground freezes deeply. This can lead to weakened plants that struggle to recover in the spring.
Fix It:
- Mulch Heavily: Apply a thick layer of mulch around the base of the plants to insulate the roots.
- Cover the Plants: In colder climates, cover your hydrangeas with burlap or frost cloth to protect them from freezing temperatures and drying winds.
- Avoid Late Pruning: For old wood bloomers, avoid heavy pruning in the fall, which can expose the buds to winter damage.
7. Ignoring Pest and Disease Control
Pests and diseases can wreak havoc on your hydrangeas, causing everything from leaf spots to stunted growth.
Common issues include aphids, spider mites, powdery mildew, and root rot.
Why is this a problem?
- Leaf Damage: Pests like aphids and spider mites can suck the sap from hydrangea leaves, leading to discoloration, curling, and dropping of leaves. Fungal diseases like powdery mildew can cover the leaves in a white, powdery substance, reducing the plant’s ability to photosynthesize.
- Root Rot: Poor drainage and overwatering can lead to root rot, a fungal disease that causes the roots to decay. Affected plants may show signs of wilting, yellowing leaves, and stunted growth, despite adequate watering.
Fix It:
- Regular Inspections: Check your plants regularly for signs of pests and diseases.
- Maintain Good Hygiene: Remove and dispose of infected leaves and debris around the base of the plants.
- Natural Remedies: Use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control pests. For fungal diseases, ensure proper spacing between plants for good air circulation and water the soil directly rather than the foliage.
- Seek Expert Advice: If you’re unsure about a pest or disease, consult your local extension service or a gardening expert.
8. Planting Too Deep
Planting hydrangeas too deep can suffocate the roots and hinder the plant’s growth.
This mistake often happens during transplanting or when planting new hydrangeas.
Why is this a problem?
- Root Suffocation: When hydrangeas are planted too deep, the roots can be deprived of oxygen, leading to poor root development and plant stress. The roots need to breathe to absorb water and nutrients effectively.
- Stunted Growth: Hydrangeas planted too deeply often struggle to establish themselves, resulting in slow growth and fewer blooms. They may also be more susceptible to root rot and other soil-borne diseases.
Fix It:
- Correct Planting Depth: When planting hydrangeas, ensure that the top of the root ball is level with or slightly above the ground. The crown of the plant should be just at or slightly above the soil surface.
- Backfill Carefully: Backfill the hole with soil, gently pressing down to eliminate air pockets. Water thoroughly after planting to help settle the soil.
9. Choosing the Wrong Variety for Your Climate
Not all hydrangeas are suited for every climate. Choosing a variety that is not appropriate for your hardiness zone can lead to poor growth and fewer blooms.
Why is this a problem?
- Climate Mismatch: Hydrangeas that are not suited to your local climate may struggle to survive. For example, varieties that are not cold-hardy may suffer severe damage or die back completely in regions with harsh winters. Similarly, hydrangeas that require cooler temperatures may wilt and fail to thrive in hot, dry climates.
- Wasted Effort: Planting the wrong variety can lead to frustration and disappointment as you invest time and effort into a plant that simply can’t perform well in your environment.
Fix It:
- Know Your Zone: Determine your USDA Hardiness Zone to understand the climate conditions in your area.
- Select Suitable Varieties: Choose hydrangea varieties that are known to thrive in your specific zone. For example:
- Cold Climates (Zones 3-5): Consider hardy varieties like Annabelle or Incrediball.
- Mild Climates (Zones 6-9): Opt for varieties like Endless Summer or Big Daddy.
- Hot Climates (Zones 8-10): Look for heat-tolerant varieties like Limelight or Oakleaf.
- Research and Plan: Before purchasing, research the specific needs and characteristics of the hydrangea variety you’re interested in to ensure it’s a good fit for your garden.
Conclusion
Hydrangeas are a stunning addition to any garden, but they require proper care and attention to reach their full potential.
By avoiding these common mistakes and following the corrective measures outlined above, you can enjoy a vibrant and healthy hydrangea display season after season.
Remember, a little extra care goes a long way in creating a garden filled with beautiful blooms.
Quick Fixes Recap
Here’s a quick summary of the nine common hydrangea growing mistakes and how to fix them:
- Wrong Location: Ensure the right balance of sun and shade.
- Incorrect Watering: Water deeply and consistently, and mulch to retain moisture.
- Ignoring Soil pH: Test and adjust soil pH to influence bloom color.
- Improper Pruning: Prune at the right time based on hydrangea type.
- Failing to Fertilize: Use balanced fertilizer and apply it correctly.
- Neglecting Winter Protection: Mulch and cover plants in harsh climates.
- Ignoring Pest Control: Inspect regularly and use natural remedies.
- Planting Too Deep: Plant at the correct depth with the root ball at or above soil level.
- Wrong Variety: Choose hydrangeas suited to your climate zone.
By addressing these mistakes, you can transform your hydrangeas from struggling plants into thriving showpieces that enhance the beauty of your garden.
Happy gardening!